My chosen styles of music are calypso and jazz music. These styles are very similar in nature in that they both are a derivative of black culture. Technologies Effect on these genres

live Calypso music is the national music of Trinidad and Tobago.Calypso City! It is a true representation of the ascension of black culture in the West Indies. Music that is native to other parts of the West Indies sounds similar but strictly speaking they are not, just a copy of this style from Trinidad. Often you can hear calypso largely for tourist music on other islands. This style of music is more integrated into culture because of its roots in politics and the economy of the island. Calypso resorts and Calypso carnivals
The instruments used to perform calypso music are brass, woodwind and percussion. Though they are the common instruments like jazz other instruments can be used. Steel pan music which is a subset of calypso music. It is performed on a steel pan, an instrument entirely conceived and developed in Trinidad. The inventor of the modern steel pan (steel drum) in concave form is thought to be Ellie Mannette. Although the development of this music has been in a gradual form it was when Ellie Mannette crafted an instrument out of an oil drum, with eight voices, (in 1949) the economic cultural links where cemented for Trinidad and Tobago forever. There is thought to be use of conceptual side of the instrument being involved in subversive communication among ex-slaves at a time when they wanted to keep them divided. Calypso music has been affected by politics to a large extent. It is seen as a form of freedom of speech; musically it is very rich and is not something that is easily mimicked by musicians without a good level of skill. The most significant calypso artist is the Mighty Sparrow. Like Michael Jordan he too made many comebacks. Calypso Rose, Black Stalin, Mighty Chalkdust, Mighty Shadow during '60s--70s, Superblue (formerly Blue Boy), David Rudder and Tambu '80s. During the '70s the modern form of soca began to emerge. Calypso can conceptually be seen more like American rap because of the depth of the song, and its tendency to centre on real life situations and it even has battles between artists. Recording in the early days gave some massive difficulties and there are little if not any of recordings of the very early days. As technology improved so did the opportunity to record and studios today are just as modern as Western countries (Cubase etc). Steel Pans pose particular difficulties they represent some of the biggest instrument groups you could think of. Modern day records are often made live at carnival time when all the steel pan bands and Calypso singers perform.

Jazz music is a more commonly known music form. This music does have heavy black roots. Improvisation is the concept, modern day Motzarts are the musicians.
Jazz stems in part from African culture and traditions. It has strong development links with other forms of improvisation arts like Blues music and thus strong links to emancipation.
New Orleans is the home to 20th century black jazz. Many cultures met Black, Creole and European which is shown by the colourful nature of music. Although jazz is style and can be played on many instruments. Reed instruments and brass instruments are more associated with jazz than string instruments. Early clarinettists Johnny Dodd and Jimmy Noone had a great influence on the seen until clubs in New Orleans were shut. The jazz seen migrated in the 1920’s further north to cities like Chicago and New York. Some of the first recordings took place in Chicago. The style blossomed in Chicago and gave birth to a ragtime style. Pictured is Earl Hines one of the jazz musicians of note in who performed in Chicago during the twenties. In New York the jazz scene would slowly develop in with some of the first jazz orchestra developing. One of the first would be formed by Fletcher Henderson his band would eventually play at the Cotton Club with Louis Armstrong (first Jazz superstar) from Chicago, eventually giving birth to the swing era (late 1920’s). New York continued to grow as a centre for jazz as more jazz musicians moved from Chicago and New Orleans. The modern era of jazz, was delivered by Charlie Parker, John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Miles Davies and Ornette Colman. Miles Davies and Sonny Rollins would go on to have a great deal of influence on British music scene even playing at Ronnie Scott’s London.
 Many of the first recordings were starting to emanate in New York at this time.
Jazz was first recorded on vinyl records.
Bell Laboratories development of the first fully electronic High Fidelity recording techniques, extending the reproducible sound range of phonograph records by more than an octave on high and low ends and it was dubbed "Orthophonic". This affected the way jazz musicians and singers could improvise.

The jazz band gave some unique challenges when it came to recording. Musically characteristics are important and in the early days this was emphasised because of the primitive recording techniques. The frequency ranges that were recordable led to producers substituting string instruments in the 1920’s. Orthophonic gave the opportunity for a greater range to be recording but not all playback equipment could play it so it continued, until 1928. On the dawn of the 1930’s, groups could play exactly the same as they would for a live performance. In the 1930’s studios were rare. Studio electronics were often built in-house, and elements that could not be easily built (microphones, disk cutting lathes, etc.) were obtained from RCA or Western Electric. The equipment was developed for the needs of the film and radio industry. Record studios would change them for there needs. Recording sessions were sometimes done in radio studios (Appendices 1 for a standard equipment list). Orrin Keepnews was one of the first producers of jazz music a former US air force pilot who went on to work with such greats like Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk and Bill Evans. Orrin Keepnews significant because he would go on to produce one of the premiere Jazz Labels. The label was named Riverside whose offices were in the shadow of Columbia. This Label was eminent in the 1950’s, 1960’s.

Jazz music sale took a dive in the 60’s just as Miles Davis was pioneering new production in the commercial setting. Teo Macero produced albums with Miles Davis in 1968/69 which used post production techniques in jazz. He grew from this and continued to use jazz and introduced electronic jazz, fusion etc. He is probably considered the forefather of what is known as Acid Jazz, Nu Jazz etc. Despite this he is still a Jazz musician.
Although jazz music is very free in its nature. It is not without form, with improvisation centred on Standard Songs (TV themes etc) and scales (both chromatic and jazz). The ability to pre-determine is the way jazz musicians are able to interact and harmonise melodically. The musician’s style is termed to be his Jazz line. It is determined by the musician’s recognizable tendencies when improvising. The most noticeable Jazz lines are probably Charlie Parkers, a musician or the name is commonly known by most. The most popularly known modern day composer is probably Keith Jarrett one of his most remarkable achievements was the sale of one of his transcribed standards concerts. It was said that two million copies were sold over the nighties. Standards is a concert performed by his trio of standard jazz songs. To put it in true perspective when comparing it to music sales, which could amount to tens of millions, you need to consider how many people can actually understand manuscript, then consider the level of understand they need. Jazz music came back in the start of the eighties when jazz musicians returned to their roots Jazz merely influenced other styles of music with the term being used to market other music concepts.
Jazz music can be played on any instrument and session musicians use it largely in modern day albums. Programs such as Sibelius can be used for transcription of this type of music. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the transposition do allow for improvisation and the application of their ‘line’.
Finally the last form of jazz is called Nu Jazz to cut a short story short. It is made up of musicians who are not good enough to make it as Jazz musicians, coupled with DJs. They give djs and producers the opportunity to appear like musical connoisseur and give a richer more respected performance to there shows. The music is likeable and pleasant but not all of it is jazz music but modern music influenced by old style jazz sounds and loops to give it credibility and good flavour. It is a re-marketing of jazz music. Some forms of jazz music show nothing knew other than a computer drum beat in the background, to make it more acceptable to modern dance audiences. Haven said all of that it could and will hopefully be the next big dance genera but it. Modern dance music is distant from jazz.

Basic Equipment List of 1930’s studio for recording. The list is a website quote

-One or two microphones, typically either condenser element, omni-directional pattern (Western Electric made a number of models) or ribbon element, bi-directional pattern (RCA type 44, for example).
-Console, custom-built, or a modified broadcast board. Four microphone inputs would be about as extravagant as the designers would get, in most cases. Mono output.
-Disk cutting lathes, either 78 rpm or transcription format. Commercial 78 format was about a 2.7 mil. groove cut laterally, disk size up to 12 inches. Professional transcription disks, as developed by Bell Labs in the mid-1930's, were vertical cut ("hill and dale") with diameter up to 16 inches and could be recorded at slower speeds for more playing time. The largest transcription disks could hold almost 30 minutes of material and were commonly used for delayed broadcast of radio shows.
-Signal processing (equalization, dynamics, reverb) was initially available only in very primitive form. For example: electrical disc cutting used pre-emphasis to reduce surface noise and allow greater playing time. In some cases, the engineer would alter the crossover point and/or slope of the recording emphasis of a given disk if he felt he would get a better result that way. Therefore, playback curves for electrical 78's tended to be nominal (which poses problems for restoration of such recordings).
-Dynamics were controlled by manual gain-riding, moving the microphone, instructing the musicians to play louder or softer. Compressors and limiters did not become widely available until after World War II.
-Reverb was usually a matter of the room one was recording in. At least one film studio had spring-type reverb units custom built in the mid-1930's, but outside of Hollywood or Bell Laboratories such experimental equipment was hardly even thought of. Radio serials, with their need to portray many different locales, inspired the first live echo chambers (often, converted bathrooms or stairwells). Such enhancement was not usually available or even considered desirable for straight music recording until the 1940's.

Modern dance music today prodominately music that is designed to keep everyone dancing. I believe it to stem from disco music from the early 1980’s. Larry Levan is played spaced out disco music at the Paradise Garage, which ended up becoming what we call US garage. In England DJ’s like Robbie Vincent, Chris Hill and Pete Tong start to arrive on the scene.
Samplers started to come into effect in the 1980’s which had a profound effect on all dances scenes but notibley history would show that it was probably used to the greatest effect in the dance scene. This would give them the chance to fuse other music styles. Some would argue that it gave scenes such as jazz a lift.
Soul influenced dance tracks like Love Can’t Turn around from chicago starts to influence the dance scene when it hit the charts. This style of music would greatly affect future house music. Early Jean Micheal Jarre would hit the music scene in the eightes. This music maker was more of a composer in the spirit of Amadeus. He would constantly attempt to push the boundaries of music making via electronic forms to the limits. His speciality was the use of synthesizers and midi systems. His infleunce when coming to music making and single making was diminished heavily due to the synthesier.
In the late 1980’s Big records by Eric B & Rakim I know you got soul and Pump up the volume start a sample craze. Other key songs are Jack your body by Silk Hurley.
The dance scene during the eighties is driven by house/acid parties most were illegal. Eventually the scene went legal and the art of mixing started to encompass the scene. Dj’s such as graeme park and his experimental mixing in clubs such as Manchesters Hacienda which never really made money, due to the level of illegal drug use. Other notable clubs include Nottinghams garage.
In the 1990’s the dance music scene basically split into two one direction moved towards and industrial techno sound (prodigy etc) the other direction was a kind of hip hop fusion led by chemical brothers and fatboy slim. Fatboy slim would start a big beats scene and the chemical brothers would eventually embarrass a hip hop sound more and more. Clubs such as the ministry of sound would be born in london that would galvanize the commercial aspect of dance music. The dance scene would become a mixture of repetitive beats with a lot of the artistry and creativity moving away from drug culture. In the late 90’s groups like orbital and daft punk would come to the foreground but there music would owe more to synthesizer wizards like Jean Michel Jarre even if that were not the intentions. In the uk dance music totally froze out RNB/Swings best era when some of the most talent acts since motowns heyday were on the scene. The advent of groups such as spice girls and the clubs such as ministry of sound would switch culture into a strong commercial era. From 1999 onwards dance music has been all about the north of watford and Ibiza clubs such as Code and Gatecrasher would pave the way for this type of music as the scene was about to demise. Currently the only dance music/trance music/house music that is genuiune is probably Godskitchen the club night that gave birth to Code/Air.
The technology used to make the music was basically vinyl and dj decks. Samplers and Computer programs such as Cubase were at the for front. Many such as the prodigy have moved to such programs like propellahead’s reason but the industry standard is now Apples logic.